It’s itchy. It’s uncomfortable. It’s common. But is thrush actually a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? If you’ve ever had thrush, or think you might have it now, you’re not alone. Let’s break down what it is, how you get it, and what to do next.
So… Is Thrush an STI?
No – thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection.
It’s a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of a yeast called Candida, which naturally lives on and inside the body. Everyone has some Candida, it’s normal, but if the balance gets disrupted, the yeast can multiply and cause symptoms.
Although it’s not classed as an STI, sex can sometimes trigger thrush or make it worse, especially if there’s friction or irritation during sex. It’s also possible for partners to pass Candida between each other during sexual activity, but it’s not considered an STI in the traditional sense.
How Do You Get Thrush?
Thrush can develop when the natural balance of bacteria and yeast is disrupted. This can be caused by:
- Taking antibiotics
- Wearing tight or synthetic underwear
- Hormonal changes (like periods, pregnancy, or contraception)
- Stress or a weakened immune system (this can be related to other health conditions such as diabetes)
- Using perfumed soaps or body washes
- Friction or irritation from sex or hygiene products
It can affect people of all genders – not just those with vaginas. Men, trans people, and non-binary individuals can all experience thrush, especially on the genitals or in the mouth.
Symptoms of Thrush
In people with vulvas:
- White, thick, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge
- Itching or soreness around the vulva
- Redness or swelling
- Pain when peeing or during sex
In people with penises:
- Redness or soreness under the foreskin or on the tip of the penis
- Itching or burning
- A white discharge or patchy coating
Oral thrush:
- White patches inside the mouth or on the tongue
- A sore or burning sensation
- Cracks at the corners of the mouth
What Should You Do?
The good news? Thrush is easily treated.
- You can buy antifungal creams, pessaries, or oral tablets from a pharmacy.
- If you’ve had thrush before and recognise the symptoms, this might be enough.
- But if symptoms don’t improve, keep coming back, or you’re not sure it’s thrush, it’s a good idea to get checked by your local GP.
And remember, don’t use perfumed soaps or douches on your genitals. This can throw off your natural balance and make things worse.
Where to Get Help
If you’re experiencing symptoms and not sure what’s going on, or if thrush keeps coming back, Essex Sexual Health Service is here to help.
We offer:
- Free, confidential appointments
- Expert advice from friendly professionals
- Help with recurring thrush, diagnosis, or if it turns out to be something else entirely
Book a clinic appointment or find support near you
Sexual health clinics would not deal with oral symptoms, with the exception of excluding HIV.
