When we think about contraception, the pill often comes to mind as a popular and well-known option. But did you know there’s a wide variety of contraception methods available that might better suit your lifestyle or health needs? If you’re looking for alternatives, whether long-term solutions or hormone-free options, this guide explores some of the key choices to help you make an informed decision.
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. There are two types:
- Hormonal IUD: This IUD releases small amounts of the hormone progestogen, which thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining of the womb to prevent pregnancy. Depending on the type, it can last between 3 to 8 years. Some if fitted after 45 years of age can be retained until 55 years of age.
- Copper IUD: This hormone-free option uses copper, which is toxic to sperm, to prevent fertilisation. It can last up to 10 years and is suitable for those who prefer or require non-hormonal methods.
IUD is used to refer to the non hormonal/copper coil and IUS (interuterine system) the horomonal coil. Both IUDs are highly effective and can be removed at any time if you wish to become pregnant or switch methods. IUDs if fitted after 40 years of age can be retained until 55 years of age.
- The Contraceptive Implant
The contraceptive implant is a small, flexible rod placed just under the skin of your upper arm. It releases the hormone progestogen, which stops the release of an egg each month and thickens the cervical mucus to block sperm. The implant is effective for up to 3 years and is a great option if you’re looking for a low-maintenance, long-term solution.
One of the major benefits of the implant is that once inserted, you don’t have to think about contraception daily or with each sexual encounter. However, it can cause changes in menstrual patterns, such as irregular or lighter periods.
- The Contraceptive Injection
The contraceptive injection is another progestogen-based option, typically administered every 8-13 weeks. It works by stopping ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the womb lining to prevent pregnancy. The injection is a good option if you’re looking for a temporary but long-lasting method and don’t want the hassle of daily pills or regular implants.
The injection can sometimes lead to a delay in fertility returning to normal after you stop using it, so it’s worth considering if you’re planning to have children in the near future.
- The Contraceptive Patch
The contraceptive patch is a small, sticky patch that you place on your skin. It releases oestrogen and progestogen into your bloodstream to prevent pregnancy. Each patch lasts for a week, and after three weeks of wearing a patch, you take a one-week break, during which you may experience a withdrawal bleed similar to a period.
This option is easy to use and doesn’t interrupt sex. However, it’s important to remember to change your patch on time for it to remain effective.
- The Vaginal Ring
The vaginal ring is a flexible, plastic ring that’s inserted into the vagina, where it releases oestrogen and progestogen hormones. You wear the ring for 21 days, then remove it for a 7-day break before inserting a new one. During the break, you may have a withdrawal bleed.
Like the patch, the vaginal ring is convenient and doesn’t require daily attention, making it a discreet and effective choice for many people.
- Barrier Methods: Condoms and Diaphragms
Barrier methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. The most common and widely available barrier method is the condom. Condoms are not only effective at preventing pregnancy but also protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They come in two main types:
- Male Condoms: Worn on the penis, they are a simple, widely accessible form of contraception. To get free condoms, download our eC-Card app here.
- Female Condoms: Worn inside the vagina, they provide a similar level of protection.
Diaphragms are less common but still an option. These are small, flexible domes made of silicone that cover the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the womb. Used with spermicide, diaphragms can be effective but must be inserted correctly for maximum protection.
- Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs)
For those looking for hormone-free, natural methods, fertility awareness can be a suitable option. By tracking your menstrual cycle, monitoring body temperature, and checking cervical mucus, you can determine when you’re most fertile and avoid unprotected sex during that time.
FAMs require careful attention and commitment, but they offer a non-invasive, natural option for contraception. It’s important to note that FAMs are less effective than other methods unless used with precision.
- Emergency Contraception
If you’ve had unprotected sex or believe your contraception has failed, emergency contraception is available. There are two main types:
- The Morning-After Pill: Can be taken up to 72 hours (3 days) or, in some cases, up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex, depending on the type.
- Copper IUD: Can be inserted by a healthcare provider up to 5 days after unprotected sex and acts as an emergency contraceptive.
Choosing the Right Method for You
When selecting a contraceptive method, it’s important to consider factors like convenience, effectiveness, side effects, and your personal health needs. Some people prefer long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) like the IUD or implant, while others feel more comfortable with methods, they can control themselves, such as condoms or the pill. It’s also worth discussing your options with a healthcare professional to ensure you’re using the method that best suits your lifestyle.
Final Thoughts
Contraception is personal, and with so many options available, you can find a method that fits your needs, whether you’re looking for long-term protection, hormone-free alternatives, or barrier methods. Remember, if you’re unsure which method is best for you, Essex Sexual Health Service can offer advice and guidance to help you make an informed decision.
For more information visit Essex Sexual Health Service.
